Paul’s Two Ministries

Eschatology is the study of the Biblical ‘things to come.’ The primary ‘things to come’ concern “the hope” of God’s Two, beloved people groups and their differing eternal destinies. Paul wrote of their Two Hopes. This study reveals the basis for the difference between the ‘things to come’ concerning;

  1. “the hope of Israel” (cf. Paul in Acts 28:20)
  2. “that blessed hope” of the Gentile “church, which is His body” (cf. Paul Post-Acts in Titus 2:13).

Note that both ‘hopes’ are seen in Paul’s two successive ministries; 1) DURING the Acts Period and, 2) AFTER the Acts period of about 35 years, as addressed to “the body of Christ” in his last seven epistles.

This study explains “the hope” of Two categories of Christians today. “Paul, an apostle of Jesus Christ by the will of God, to The Saints which are at Ephesus, and to The Faithful in Christ Jesus:” Eph. 1:1. Paul wrote to:

1) The unintelligized, nominally saved “SAINTS” of Israel and today’s unenlightened Gentiles of Christendom, destined to dwell in “the kingdom” ON EARTH as Jesus’ ‘whosoever’ believers of Jn. 3:16.

2) But “the FAITHFUL” enlightened believers of “the body of Christ” who embrace Paul’s POST-Acts epistles are destined to eternally dwell in “the HEAVENLY PLACES in Christ.”

Thus the difference between “the SAINTS” and “the FAITHFUL” can be observed by studying Paul’s Acts-period epistles in comparison with his POST-Acts epistles, “rightly divided” (2 Tim. 2:15).

(See https://artlicursi.com/articles/%E2%80%9C-saints%E2%80%9D-and-%E2%80%9C-faithful%E2%80%9D )

This requires that we study Paul’s epistles according to their Chronological Order of writing, not the order in which they appear in our Bible.

Consider that Paul’s had TWO successive ministries thereby offering Two Different Eternal Hopes to Two DIFFERENT God-Ordained People Groups. Yet, both stand upon the Cross-work of the Lord Jesus Christ, believing Christ died for all, was buried, and rose again (1Cor 15:3-4) to secure eternal life for all who will believe.

Paul’s TWO ministries to these TWO believing groups concern;

1) ISRAEL’S believing remnant who Hoped for “the kingdom of [from] heaven” to come on Earth. These are those Judeo-Christians who believed during the Acts period and those who even Today stand upon the eternal life-giving words of John 3:16. Both Jews and the Gentiles here enjoy the same blessings of the Cross but Gentiles of the Acts Period were NOT of equal status with the believing Jews. God’s focus then was “The Jew first” (Rom. 1:16, 2:9) as seen in Paul’s epistles written during the Acts period.

2) Paul’s Post-Acts enlightened members of “The Church, Which Is His Body” (Eph. 1:22b-23a) consist of ALL believers (Jew and Gentile) on an absolute equal basis… based upon faith alone in Christ alone.

“For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: 9 Not of [religious rites or law0keeping] works, lest any man should boast. Ephesians 2:8-9 (KJV)

Now let’s further consider the Two different ‘Hopes’ as reflected in the Apostle Paul’s 2 sets of epistles.

  1. The “hope” of the Acts period Messianic believers of Israel and their Gentile proselytes first was in accord with Jesus’ promise of ‘everlasting life’ (cf. Jn 3:16; 11:25-26). This then involved their looking to being “caught up” (i.e., raptured) in their resurrection bodies to “meet the Lord in the air [not the highest heaven] … at the last trump” (1Cor 15:52, 1 Thes. 4:13-18) then to Return To Earth with Jesus’ at His 2nd coming, and Millennial Kingdom. The gospel preached to “the lost sheep of the house of Israel” during the Acts period was preached by “the twelve” Apostles and Paul was Jesus’ “gospel of the kingdom.” (Matt. 24:14), “the kingdom of God” (Acts 19:8) to come from heaven to Earth.
  1. Paul’s later POST-Acts gospel concerned the full “revelation of THE Mystery” (Rom. 16:25) which was not revealed until AFTER Acts 28:28 when the ‘fall of Israel’ was complete and God had turned to “the Gentiles.” Paul then wrote of a ‘new gospel’ promising an Eternal HEAVENLY HOPE and Destiny for ALL such believers, now seen as “the faithful” Gentiles. The “blessed HOPE” of Titus 2:13 pertains to “the faithful” (Eph. 1:1) members of the Gentile “body of Christ” who are destined to “Appear With Him” IN [HEAVENS] Glory” (Col. 3:4, 2Tim, 2:12, Eph. 1:3, 15-23) years before His 2nd coming to Earth.

The FIRST Epistles of Paul’s ministry was to and concerned “the Jew First” (cf. Rom. 1:16), thus concerning “the Hope of Israel.” These epistles were written during the Acts period, BEFORE the ACTS 28:28 Dispensational Divide.

Paul writes of ISRAEL’S “HOPE” in these Seven Acts-Period epistles;

  1. GALATIANS: “The just shall live [Gk. zao, have life] by FAITH” (Gal. 3:11).
  2. 1 THESSALONIANS: “The hope” of Israel’s “little flock” believers was of the being “caught to meet the Lord in the air [atmosphere]” (1Thes. 4:17), then to return to the kingdom on earth.
  3. 2 THESSALONIANS: Paul here wrote to correct the erroneous lie that the day of Christ 2nd coming had passed. Paul reminded them of 1Thes, 5:2 & 4 because they had become “shaken” due to believing a ‘Satanic counterfeit letter’ (2:1) that said “the day of Christ” coming in wrath had already come and that they had missed being “caught up” and that they were now under God’s tribulation “wrath.” No wonder they were “shaken in mind.”
  4. HEBREWS: Declares “The just shall LIVE by faith” (Heb. 10:37-38) as Truth for Jew and Gentile.
  5. 1 CORINTHIANS: Paul says the temporary communicative miraculous gifts “will pass” (13:8-9), but Faith, Hope and Charity will abide. These ‘communicative gifts’ ended with the completion of the Scriptures with the addition of Paul’s “revelation of the Mystery” being explained Post-Acts.
  6. 2 CORINTHIANS: The matured Messianic Believers become ‘epistles’ (3:2) and “able ministers” of Israel’s New Testament relationship; “not of the letter, but of the spirit: for the letter killeth, but the spirit giveth life.” (2 Cor. 3:6)
  7. ROMANS: This 1st Prison epistle reveals the grace way of reconciliation and justification unto eternal life by the Cross of Christ. “The JUST shall live [have life] by faith” (Rom. 1:17). Note the Rom. 16:25 as a Postscript is Paul’s bridge referencing the newly revealed Ephesian “revelation of the Mystery” of the Gentile “body of Christ.”

We have only to turn to Isaiah 11:1-16 to which Acts refers as “The Hope of Israel” (Acts 28:20, Isa. 11:1-16), to prove beyond doubt that the Hope of the Messianic “Church” in Rome at that time was for the Messiah’s Millennial Kingdom to Come On Earth. Reference to the ‘voice of the Archangel’ (Michael) in 1 Thes. 4:16 is another link with Israel’s hope, as does the connecting passage in 2 Thes. 2:3-10 where the “Man of Sin” is spoken of. But today the 2nd “Coming” of the Lord to set up His Millennial reign is POSTPONED while Israel “blinded” during this Gentile age of “the Mystery [secretly planned]” of “the body of Christ” (cf. Rom. 11:25). So, it is “the hope of Israel” (Acts 28:20) that was in view throughout the Acts period, from Acts 1:6 to Acts 28:20. Paul writes concerning the ultimate “hope of Israel” in his Acts-period epistles;

“And now I stand and am judged for the hope of the promise made of God unto our [Israel’s] fathers: 7 Unto which promise our twelve tribes, instantly serving God day and night, Hope To Come. For which hope's sake, king Agrippa, I am accused of the Jews. Acts 26:6-7 (KJV)
“And again, Esaias [Isaiah] saith, There shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to reign over the Gentiles; in him shall the Gentiles trust. 13 Now the God of Hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may abound in hope, through the power of the Holy Ghost. Romans 15:12-13 (KJV)

“For this we say unto you by the word of the Lord, that we which are alive and remain unto the [2nd] coming of the Lord shall not prevent [precede] them which are asleep [dead in their graves]. 16 For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: 17 Then we [of Israel] which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord. 18 Wherefore comfort one another with these words. 1 Thessalonians 4:15-18 (KJV)

51 Behold, I shew you a mystery [secret]; We shall not all sleep [remain dead], but we shall all be changed, 52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we [the living] shall be changed. 53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. 54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that is written, Death is swallowed up in victory. 55 O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory? 1 Cor. 15:51-55

The verses above reference the hope of the believers of The Tribes of Israel. This Acts period “Jew First” positional reign above the Gentiles ceased with Acts 28:28. Israel is then fallen (cf. Rom. 11:10-11) and set aside in “blindness” (cf. Rom. 11:25). Then a new “Dispensation of The Grace of God” Comes Into Operation, as seen in Paul’s New set of seven POST-ACTS 28 epistles “FOR YE GENTILES” (Eph. 3:1).

Now, the Hope of “the church” which is “His Body” is the Hope of The Church of “THE MYSTERY” [the ‘Secret’ plan of God] which is the Calling of the Gentile “Body of Christ” whose destiny is with Christ ‘far above all principalities and powers’ at ‘the right hand of God.” (cf. Eph. 1:20-21). Thus, “the faithful” of the Gentile “body of Christ” live today looking to their ‘Appearing With Him’ When ‘He Appears In Heavens Glory.’ (cf. Col. 3:4). The eternal destiny for some of ‘the faithful’ is to then ‘Co-Reign with Christ’ eternally IN HEAVEN (2Tim. 2:12). This Hope is in a sphere “far above” that of Israel on earth as seen in Isa. 11:1-16. As “His BODY,” our Hope set forth in Col. 3:4 is Our Manifestation in Glory when Christ the “HEAD” shall be Manifested… AT THE SAME TIME.

3 Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings IN HEAVENLY PLACES in Christ: Ephesians 1:3 (KJV)

18 The eyes of your understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is The Hope Of His Calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints, Ephesians 1:18 (KJV)

20 For our conversation [Old English for ‘citizenship’] is IN HEAVEN; from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ: 21 Who shall change our vile body, that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself. Philippians 3:20-21 (KJV)

1 If [since] ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are ABOVE, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. 2 Set your affection on Things ABOVE, Not On Things On The Earth. 3 For Ye Are Dead, And Your Life Is Hid With Christ In God. 4 When Christ, Who Is Our Life, Shall APPEAR, Then Shall YE ALSO APPEAR WITH HIM In [Heaven’s] Glory. Colossians 3:1-4

Paul’s Seven POST-ACTS Epistles that were written AFTER Acts 28:28 begin with Ephesians, revealing the “Great Mystery” (Eph. 5:32) of several Mysteries. “THE Mystery [secret]” of these epistles concern God’s plan and eternal purpose of forming “the body of Christ.” This “Mystery [secret]” was “hid in God” from the beginning the world [Grk. the kosmos]” (Eph. 3:9), but is “now revealed” to all those who will “read” Paul’s “knowledge of the Mystery” (Eph. 3:4-5) as seen in his Post-Acts Epistles.

Paul writes of the hope, relationship, and expectation of the “enlightened” (cf. Eph. 1:18) members of “the body of Christ” in the Post-Acts epistles seen below;

  • EPHESIANS: “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who hath blessed us with all Spiritual Blessings IN HEAVENLY PLACES in Christ:” Ephesians 1:3 (KJV)

“The eyes of your understanding being enlightened; that ye may know what is THE HOPE of his calling, and what the riches of the glory of his inheritance in the saints,” (Eph. 1:18)

‘Knowing’ the revelation of “the Mystery [secret]” our is “… to make all men see what is the fellowship of THE MYSTERY, which From The Beginning of The World HATH BEEN HID IN GOD, who created all things by Jesus Christ:” (Eph. 3:9 (KJV)

“The Mystery” is “According to the Eternal Purpose which he Purposed In Christ Jesus Our Lord:” (Ephesians 3:11)

4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in One Hope Of Your Calling; (Ephesians 4:4)

  • PHILIPPIANS: We look for our ‘Out-Resurrection’ to Heaven (Phili. 3:11, 14), as “THE Prize Of The High [Heavenly, upward] Calling of God In Christ” (Phili. 3:14)
  • PHILEMON: Humanizes the lofty doctrines such as the love of God, forgiveness in Christ, and the inherent dignity of humanity as having pertinent impact in the everyday life of Christians.
  • COLOSSIANS: The “dispensation of the Mystery” (cf. Col. 1:25-26) and our ‘appearing with Christ’ when “He shall appear” “in [heaven’s] glory’ (cf. Col. 3:4)
  • *1 TIMOTHY: “Christ… our hope” (1:1), Be righteous unto “the appearing” (1Tim. 6:14)
  • *TITUS: (Penned en route to Nicopolis, cf. Titus 3:12) The “blessed hope” of “The Glorious Appearing Of The Great God And Our Savior Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13)
  • 2 TIMOTHY: Paul’s farewell - The “Crown of righteousness” awarded to those who “love His appearing (4:8).

*NOTE: The evidences for the exact dating of these Pastoral Epistles of Paul are not sufficient to enable anyone to dogmatize. 1 Timothy and Titus were written in the interval of Paul’s freedom during his Two years at Rome (cf. Acts 28:30), when Paul was treated as a military prisoner, being allowed some measure of liberty in his subsequent imprisonment treated as “an evildoer.” Paul then had no hope of release from imprisonment, except by death.

Thus I’ve set forth the significance of the two Chronological sets of 7 Pauline epistles as they concern; 1) the eternal “Hope of Israel” in “the Kingdom of Heaven” to one day come on EARTH and, 2) the “Heavenly” Calling and Hope (expectation) of the Gentile “church” … “the body of Christ.”

Thus as we trace the unfolding purpose in the New Testament, we observe that at each central epoch or age, a ‘witness’ is raised up. Witnesses for Pentecost and its message of ‘offering the Kingdom’ are abundant in the early Acts signs and wonders by the hand of the Twelve Apostles and Paul.

But with the call and commission of Paul, however, a new witness appears and his arrival indicates another dispensational change. Paul is given several titles, “A chosen vessel” being the earliest recorded in Act 9. Paul was to “bear the name of the Lord before the Gentiles, and Kings and the children of Israel.” “Gentiles” here occupying the first place even as they do in the prophetic utterance of old Simeon (Luke 2:32). The emphasis upon the Gentiles in these passages, cannot be disassociated from the foreknown withdrawal of favour from fallen unbelieving Israel.

“It was necessary that the word of God should first have been spoken to you [Israel]; but seeing ye put it from you, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, lo, we turn to the Gentiles” (Acts 13:46).

From Acts 22:6-15 we learn more fully of the commission given to Paul following his conversion on the road to Damascus: “For thou shalt be His witness unto ALL men of what thou hast seen and heard” (v15), referring to this first ministry which ends with the shadow of prison in Acts 20. He summed it up as ‘testifying’ or ‘witnessing’) both to the Jews and also, to the Greeks, concerning repentance towards God, and faith towards our Lord Jesus Christ” (v21). In his defence, the Apostle Paul more than once linked the two sections of his ministry by the word that is translated either “witness” or “testify.”

“As thou [Paul] hast TESTIFIED of Me [the Lord] in Jerusalem, so must thou bear WITNESS also at Rome” (Acts 23:11).

In like manner, Paul’s prison ministry, the ministry that unfolds the new, formerly secreted dispensation of “the mystery [Gk. musterion, secret],” the ministry that finds its exposition in Paul’s “Prison Epistles” of Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon and II Timothy. These epistles are a “witness” or “testimony” to the Truth For Our Times Today. Paul’s 1st ministry during Acts was coming to an end in Acts 20 wherein his new ministry is foreseen by his referring to his ‘prison bonds’ and ‘afflictions,’ then Paul wrote;

“But none of these things [sufferings] move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry which I have received of the Lord Jesus, TO TESTIFY the gospel of The Grace Of God” (Acts 20:24).

This verse implies something more than preaching the gospel as an “evangelist,” it includes this, but it gives special meaning to the emphasis that Paul lays upon “the GRACE of God.” In Paul’s Prison Epistles we then read that the new dispensation which had been given to the apostle Paul as “the Prisoner of Christ Jesus for you GENTILES” was “the DISPENSATION of The GRACE of God” (cf. Eph. 3:1-2).

Again, in his defence before Agrippa the apostle Paul spoke of his twofold ministry, again using the words “witness/testimony” concerning things Paul “hast seen” and in which the Lord “will appear” Acts 26:16-17.

“But rise, and stand upon thy feet: for I have appeared unto thee for this purpose, to make thee a minister and a witness both of these things which thou hast seen, and of those things in the which I will appear unto thee; 17 Delivering thee from the people, and from the Gentiles, unto whom now I send thee,” Acts 26:16-17

- From Charles H Welch, with portions added, and adapted for added clarity, by Arthur J. Licursi